Saturday, June 5, 2010

PUNJABI WRITERS

SANT SINGH SEKHON

Sant Singh Sekhon (1908-97) was a genius par excellence. To call him a multi-faceted genius is in fact to state the obvious. With MA in Economics and English, he started his literary career as a poet. In the thirties and early forties, his poems written in English, were published along with those of W H Auden and Stephen Spender. But then he shifted to writing in Punjabi.
It was with his collections, Samachar (tidings) and Chhe Ghar (six abodes), that short story and one-act play had their beginnings in the native language. Unity in diversity marking rural life of Punjab in the colonial era was best portrayed in his novel, Lahu Mitti (blood and earth). He wrote eleven full-length plays on mythological, historical and social subjects, always with the intent to draw meanings of contemporary relevance and future value.
So far as literary criticism goes, he was its founder in Punjabi. His Sahityarth (theory of literature) ranks as the best even after fifty years of its publication. His evaluation of Punjabi literature, in literary as well as historical perspective, holds good in spite of the proliferation of so many theories and points of view. His Punjabi Boli da Ithas (history of Punjabi Language) is the only full-length study of the subject. He was an excellent translator of texts from Punjabi into English and vice versa.  His representative writings of all genres are available in Sant Singh Sekhon: Selected Writings, recently brought out by Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi.

SCIENTISTS

Stephen Benton :

 Pioneer of modern holography 



Stephen Benton (1941-2003) as well, is amongst the pioneers of modern holography. He is the inventor of Benton holography, also referred to as rainbow holography (1969), a fascinating holographic process that allowed the subsequent realization of holograms that can be illuminated with white light, holograms that display in true colours, and holograms that display true color cinematographic animations. The May 2004 issue of the magazine "Holography" features a tribute to Stephen Benton as a scientist, a teacher, a colleague and a friend.
Download: Steve Benton.pdf

SCIENTISTS

Yuri Denisyuk :

 Pioneer of modern holography



The eminent Russian gentleman and physicist Yuri Denisyuk (1927-2006) together with Emmett Leith (1927-2005) and Juris Upatnieks (b. 1936) must be honoured as one of the pioneers of modern holography. After lasers became available Denisyuk developed "volume reflection holography" rightfully also called "Denisyuk holography".
Denisyuk began experiments in interference photography in 1958 and published his work in 1962 in the Soviet Union. But his research was not well received until the work of Leith and Upatnieks began to generate excitement in the late sixties. In 1970 he was awarded the Lenin Prize and was elected a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Denisyuk and Leith received the first Dennis Gabor Award from SPIE in 1983.

SCIENTISTS

Emmett Leith:- 

 Pioneer of Modern Holography


As early as 1956, Emmett Leith of the University of Michigan reinvented holography as a spin-off of his research on side-reading radar. Only in the early 1960s, after the invention of the laser, the first off-axis laser transmission holograms were recorded by Leith and his colleague Juris Upatnieks. These novel holograms of diffusely reflecting objects produced stunning three-dimensional and full-parallax reconstructions of the original object. The impact of this invention on the careers of many can hardly be overrated.

SCIENTISTS







Gabriel Lippmann : 


Pioneer in photography 



Gabriel Lippmann (1845-1921) developed a method of capturing coloured images in black-and-white photographic emulsions. His stunning invention, now called Lippmann colour photography, was based on the phenomenon of light interference in thin films. In hindsight, it is straightout unbelievable that this advanced photographic process was developed as early as 1891, after years of patient experiments.
His invention gained Lippmann the Nobel prize for Physics in 1908.
Lippmann's invention was the precursor of Yuri Denisyuk's volume reflection holography. See chapter 7 of Optical Document Security, 3rd edition.
Download: Lippmann.pps